The report linked below was recently published by the Law Library of Congress.
Title
Book and Media Censorship in Selected Countries
Source
The Law Library of Congress, Global Legal Research Directorate, 2024.
From the Introduction
Countries were chosen to represent major regions of the world and include countries from the Americas, Europe, Asia, and Africa. Brazil, China, Cuba, Germany, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, France, The Gambia, Georgia, Israel, India, Kenya, Liberia, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, Malawi, Trinidad and Tobago, Uzbekistan, Venezuela, and Vietnam are included in the study. This selection was based on a finding that these jurisdictions had laws aimed at censorship or expression based on historical, cultural, and political traditions.
Each country has either constitutional or legislative protections in place for freedom of speech, however, many of the surveyed countries also have legislation to regulate matters such as obscenity and incitement. Most countries also contain exceptions for censorship of materials. In some countries, censorship is targeted more toward materials that may fall into the hands of children. Countries such as Malawi and Trinidad and Tobago limit materials that may be targeted toward children. Some countries have restrictions based on national security concerns, such as Israel, Russia, and Uzbekistan. Some countries have restrictions based on language that speaks against the government. China, Cuba, Egypt, and Vietnam have laws with provisions against materials that could be construed as critical of the government. Egypt also has laws pertaining to materials that are adverse to Islam, Christianity, or Judaism. Some countries have more severe criminal penalties for distribution of materials. In The Gambia, trafficking in obscene publications is a felony criminal act. Some countries have seen recent changes in law regarding censorship and media bans. In India, old British colonial laws regarding censorship were replaced by provisions in recently enacted criminal procedure and penal codes, and in France, laws that totally prohibit certain books or media have been repealed, although courts can restrict the distribution of a book on a case-bycase basis if it is deemed contrary to French law.
This report was prepared in time-limited circumstances and should not be considered a comprehensive treatment of this topic for these jurisdictions. Additional relevant information is available in prior Law Library multijurisdictional reports.
Direct to Full Text Report
32 pages; PDF.
